June is Cataract Awareness Month

Cataracts are one of the most common causes of vision impairment, especially among older adults, affecting millions worldwide. By learning about what cataracts are, how they develop, and the warning signs to look out for, you can take important steps to protect your sight.

Cataracts are a common eye condition that can significantly affect your vision as you age. If you are experiencing decreased vision, it is crucial to be evaluated by a board-certified ophthalmologist who can determine if cataracts are negatively impacting your vision and establish if you’re a candidate for surgical correction.

–Matthew Elitt, MD, PhD

Common Vision Changes Caused by Cataracts

• Blurry or hazy vision
• Double vision or a “ghost” image in the affected eye
• Increased sensitivity to light and glare, especially from oncoming headlights at night
• Difficulty seeing well in low light or needing brighter light for reading
• Colors appearing dull, faded, or more yellowed than usual

If you’re noticing any of these symptoms, it’s important to contact your ophthalmologist for an evaluation. Early diagnosis and care can help protect your vision.

List provided by AAO

Prevention and Management

While cataracts are often a natural part of aging, there are steps you can take to manage and potentially reduce your risk.

1. Regular Eye Exams: Regular check-ups can help detect cataracts early.
2. Protect Your Eyes: Wear sunglasses that block UV rays and a hat to shield your eyes from the sun.
3. Healthy Diet: Eat a balanced diet rich in antioxidants, such as fruits and vegetables.
4. Avoid Smoking: Quitting smoking can significantly reduce your risk.
5. Limit Alcohol: Moderate your alcohol intake.
6. Manage Health Conditions: Keep conditions like diabetes and hypertension under control.
7. Use Protective Eyewear: If you’re in an environment where eye injuries are possible, use protective eyewear.

Cataract Treatment and Surgery

The only definitive way to treat a cataract is through surgery. Your ophthalmologist will recommend surgical removal of the cataract when it starts to interfere with your daily activities and the quality of life.

During cataract surgery, the cloudy natural lens of your eye is replaced with a clear artificial lens known as an intraocular lens (IOL). Your ophthalmologist will discuss the different types of IOLs and how they function.

What to Expect with Cataract Surgery

Before Surgery:

• The surgeon will take precise measurements of your eye to determine the correct focusing power for your IOL.
• You’ll need to inform your doctor about any medications you’re taking; some may need to be paused before the surgery.
• You might be prescribed eye drop medications to use before the surgery to prevent infection and reduce swelling.

The Day of Surgery:

• You may be asked not to eat any solid food for at least six hours before the procedure.
• Cataract surgery is typically performed in an outpatient surgery center or hospital.

Here is what to expect:

1. Your eye will be numbed with eye drops or an injection around the eye.
2. You might be given medication to help you relax.
3. You will remain awake during the surgery but will not see the actual procedure.
4. The surgeon will make tiny incisions near the edge of your cornea to access the lens, break up the cataract, remove it, and insert the new lens.
5. These incisions usually heal on their own and are shielded to protect your eye during recovery.

Recovery from Cataract Surgery:

• Use the prescribed eye drops as directed by your ophthalmologist.
• Avoid direct contact of soap or water with your eye.
• Do not rub or press on your eye.
• Wear a protective eye shield while sleeping.
• Adhere to your ophthalmologist’s instructions regarding activity levels, exercise, and driving.

Risks of Cataract Surgery:

• Eye infection
• Bleeding in the eye
• Swelling of the eye or retina
• Detached retina
• Pain not relieved by medication
• Blurred vision, halos, glare, and dark shadows
• Vision loss
• Dislocation of the IOL implant

Your ophthalmologist will discuss these risks with you and how to mitigate them.

Posterior Capsular Opacification

After cataract surgery, your vision might become cloudy or blurry due to Posterior Capsular Opacification (PCO), also known as “secondary cataract.” A laser procedure called posterior capsulotomy can clear the cloudiness and restore your vision.

Cataract Surgery Costs

Cataract surgery costs are typically covered by Medicare and private insurance if certain vision criteria are met. Your ophthalmologist can help you understand your coverage options and discuss cost details.

WashU Medicine Comprehensive Ophthalmology Providers

More information about General Eye Care: General Eye Care – WashU Medicine Physicians